Tag Archives: History

Ah … That Indomitable Spirit


English: Walter A. Brown Trophy located at the...

English: Walter A. Brown Trophy located at the Basketball Hall of Fame (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

I have written a few articles telling you that you are unique, and that you have a special place in this world. You need to know where it is you want to go in this life and go after it. Do not let anyone or anything stop. There will be roadblocks and bumps in the road, that’s ok, just treat them like a “gut-check.” When it seems like you have failed, remember, you do not fail until you quit.

MJ did not quit. He was a young sophomore growing up in North Carolina, who wanted to be on his high school sports team. When he tried out for the team, he did not make it, he was not big enough. MJ worked very hard over the summer, he came back the next year and made the team. That did not end his road blocks though. Along the way he had a competitor that beat him three years in a row, he lost his dad at a time when he felt he really needed him, and he also had people who tried to take from him and pull him down. But, MJ did not quit.

Many of his fans (and he has many) would be surprised to know some of those things about MJ. You see MJ is still humble, he never forgot what it is like to struggle, to have people tell you no, and work against you. He is a celebrity now, known around the world, and created a surge of popularity for his sport.

Here is a list of just a few of his accomplishments:

(the above short list is from wikipedia.org )

After his father died he became a minor league baseball player to fulfill his father’s dream of seeing his son as a major league baseball player. He carried his strong work ethic with him onto the baseball diamond.

He re-wrote sports history and has reached and touched the lives of thousands if not millions.

His friends and family know him as MJ, but his fans know him as “the greatest basketball player of all time”, Air Jordan, and His Airness.

You and I know him as Michael Jordan.

So you see, do not ever give up on your dreams, you never know where they will take you. Stick to your dreams, always work hard, and keep a gentle smile.

I have never been a basketball fan, but I like Mike. Thank you Michael Jordan, thank you for setting an example for the rest of us to follow to reach our dreams. Thank you for showing our children that nice guys do finish first, and lastly thank you for being you.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Jordan

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Tis the Season


Every four years I have people ask me if I understand the Electoral College, and if I can explain it to them. I do not write about religion, politics, or money here and I am not going to change that policy now. However, I think everyone should understand how the Electoral College works and why we have it.

First, the Electoral College was created during the constitutional convention in 1787.  In the 1700’s, just like today, different regions of the country were very different from other regions of the country. New England was more densely populated and had the majority of the commercial concerns of the country. Most of the financial institutions and large commercial and shipping businesses were in New England. The rest of the original thirteen colonies were more sparsely populated and more agriculturally oriented. So, it stood to reason that in a straight democratic vote New England’s concerns, desires, wants, and needs would be the concerns, desires, wants, and needs of the federal government at the expense of the rest of the country. Alexander Hamilton, from New England, wanted a straight democracy with a strong federal government. Thomas Jefferson, from agriculturally oriented Virginia, wanted a weak federal government with strong state governments. Thomas Jefferson always described a democracy as, “Two wolves and a lamb voting on what to have for lunch.” Some things never change; we are still having these arguments today. The founders agreed to a compromise, which seemed to preserve the influence of the more densely populated New England states, while preserving the voice of the rest of the nation. The most important compromise was that the United States of America would not be a democracy, but a republic. A republic whose representatives would be democratically elected; a democratic-republic. Another compromise was the Electoral College (one of many compromises in this ongoing debate.)

Each state would have a specific number of electors in the Electoral College based on their number of representatives in congress; one elector for each senator (two each state) and one for each congressperson (which is based on the size of the population of the state). The 23rd amendment to the constitution gave Washington District of Columbia the same number of electors as the least populated state. The state with the most electors is California with 55, and the states with the least electors are Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, Wyoming, and Washington District of Columbia, all with three each.

In the 1700’s this kept New England from dictating to the rest of the country who the president would be. In the 21st century, it keeps the huge metropolitan cities (New York, Atlanta, Chicago, Detroit & etc.) from dictating to the rest of the country who the president will be.

In most cases, the presidential candidates usually spend their time campaigning in the larger states (California, Texas, Florida, and New York) and a combination of smaller states that they believe will give them victory.

We all know about the infamous 2000 election, but there was something else different about that election most people forget (I will not comment on the controversial aspects of that election or approve ANY comments on the controversial aspects of that election … no arguments here, there are too many arguments in the rest of our lives). This election did not follow the usual campaign strategy. Candidate Al Gore put his effort in the largest states and Candidate George Bush put his effort in the smallest states. If a candidate wins only California, Texas, Florida, New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia (just 11 of the 50 states, 22%) that candidate wins 271 electoral votes and the election, only 270 votes are need to win. Candidate George Bush’s campaign strategy was to put the most effort in the smaller states, 25 of the 50 states have seven electoral votes or less. In the end, the official verdict was that candidate Al Gore narrowly won the popular vote, and candidate George Bush narrowly won the electoral college vote. This was not the first time (nor will it be the last) that a candidate will win the popular vote and lose the election.

In 1824 John Quincy Adams lost the popular vote to Andrew Jackson (108,740 to 153,544). But no one had a clear majority of the electors. Then the third candidate Henry Clay dropped out of the race, giving their votes to Adams even though he trailed Jackson by more than 15% of the popular vote. In 1860 Abraham Lincoln had the most popular votes and the most electoral votes, but Stephen Douglass had the second most popular votes (right on Lincoln’s heels) and was fourth of the four candidates in electoral votes. Rutherford B. Hayes lost the popular vote by more than 10% of the vote, but beat Samuel Tilden electoral vote to become president. As you can see this is not that rare an event. Also (usually because of three or more candidates) sometimes the winner of the popular vote and the electoral college does not get 50% of the vote. (There are more unusual elections I could add, but you get the point.)

Many people think this is not fair and the election should be a straight democratic vote. If it was a straight democratic vote, a candidate would only need to worry about the majority; win them and win the election, the minorities in this country could be safely ignored by the candidate.

However, the way the system is now, catering to the majority is no guarantee of victory. A candidate must also address the concerns of the minorities as well because the candidate may need them to win. In a straight democracy it does not matter what the law is, the majority is the law, the mob rules. In a republic the law rules and no one is above the law. The law applies equally to all citizens. “Wait” you say, “I can give you many examples of people not treating everyone equal under the law.” Yes you can, and so can I. In each of those cases, if you do the research, you will find that those instances came about because of a flawed democratic process. Take the Jim Crow laws, the bigots had large numbers of people on their side to pass laws in elections and to elect politicians who would legislatively pass laws creating the Jim Crow laws but they did not have enough people to insure victory for their side. So, they used illegal tactics and groups like the Klan to intimidate voters opposed to their plans.

In the end, our system is not perfect; but it is the best system devised so far to insure that the voice of all the people has influence, and not just fifty percent of the people plus one with all the power. Another way to say this is that in a straight democratic vote, fifty percent of the people minus one always loses every time. No need for compromise, just the majority with all the power at the expense of the minority, every time. So much for the fairness so many people seek.

English: Electoral college map for the 2012, 2...

English: Electoral college map for the 2012, 2016 and 2020 United States presidential elections, using apportionment data released by the US Census Bureau. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

English: 1916 Electoral College

English: 1916 Electoral College (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Graphic showing how the popular vote winner ca...

Graphic showing how the popular vote winner can lose the electoral vote. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

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What Were You Doing When …?


Life is made up of milestones, moments in time we remember in detail. Many times these moments change the course of history like the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor the morning of 7 December 1941. Sometimes these moments change how we look at our society such as the assassinations of President John F Kennedy (22 November 1963) or Dr. Martin Luther King (4 April 1968). Sometimes these moments signify the end of a bad time in our society like 20 January 1981, or the beginning of something new and wonderful like Neil Armstrong walking on the moon. At other times, these moments signify the end of an era like 9 November 1989.

What were you doing on …

  • … 20 January 2009, when the first black president was sworn into office?
  • … 1 February 2003, when the space shuttle Columbia disintegrated on its landing approach?
  • … 11 September 2001, when the world trade towers fell?
  • … 25 December 1991, when the Soviet Union dissolved?
  • … 9 November 1989, when the Berlin wall came down?
  • … 12 June 1987, when Reagan gave his “ … tear down this wall!” speech?
  • … 28 January 1986, when the space shuttle Challenger exploded on takeoff?
  • … 30 March 1981, when President Ronald Reagan was shot (first president shot since JFK)?
  • … 20 January 1981, when the Iranian hostages came home?
  • … 9 August 1974, when President Nixon resigned (first presidential resignation in history)?
  • … 4 April 1968, when Dr. Martin Luther King was assassinated?
  • … 20 July 1969, when Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the moon?
  • … 22 November 1963, when President John F Kennedy was assassinated?

Some dates are shared by the world, some by just one nation, others by just one family or group of friends. Whatever the event, worldwide or personal, the memories tied to that event are personal and involve our family and friends.

Two events from my family’s collective memories mark the beginning and the end of the 1960’s.

Anyone who has parented, baby-sat, or stood in line behind a two-year-old boy knows they are in constant motion. Little boys seem to be grabbing, pushing, pulling, and throwing everything within their grasp; and telling everyone and no one in particular, about it while they are in action. Sleep is the only thing that seems to arrest their verbal and physical assault on the world.

This fall afternoon in the early 1960’s began like so many others. My father was at work, my mother was busy in the kitchen, and I was in my playpen in the living room. The TV was on nearby while I trashed about safely in my playpen exercising my vocal cords. Suddenly all was quiet, my mother rushed into the living room to see what had happened.

She found me standing quietly in my playpen in the corner absorbed by the equally quiet TV. She followed my gaze and saw a black screen with the following words in white, “We interrupt this program for an important announcement.” Next, she saw Walter Cronkite tears flowing as he looked into the camera.

“President John F. Kennedy was just shot in Dallas, Texas …”

My mother still tells the story of how her 22-month-old son told her the president was assassinated. The next event was the culmination of nearly a decade of work by thousands of people, the completion of a goal set by President Kennedy.

My bedtime at age seven was 7 pm; this particular evening was no different. What was different was that by the time I had fallen asleep; my parents were waking me up and bringing me down stairs to watch TV for a few minutes before putting me back into bed. I was not very happy about this at the time I was tired. Again, the master of ceremonies was Walter Cronkite, an excited and happy Walter Cronkite.

However, unlike the earlier Cronkite appearance, Walter shared the airtime; the other person was dressed in a white suit that made him look like the Pillsbury doughboy and clumsily walking across a dessert. This other image was not very good quality either. Soon after we heard, “… one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind …” I was sent back to bed.

Throughout our lives, we confront events that sometimes shape who we are, and sometimes proclaim to the world who we have become. Many of the events in our lives we cannot control, but how we respond to them we do control. Those reactions that seem to contradict our experience, or place others above ourselves are the moments that define our character. When you trust a stranger, when previous strangers have proved their unworthiness to be trusted, when you share your last dollar with a beggar on the street at a time when you do not know where your own next meal will come from; that is the moment when you build your own character.

Have you ever found a small child left alone in a car at the mall? What did you do? Did you make a comment to yourself or companion and continue on your way? Did you call the police and wait for them to arrive? You do not know the circumstances that put that child in the car alone. It could be a parent shopping for new shoes that left that child, or it could be the first time in days that the child has finally slept and the parent is getting medicine from the pharmacy for the child; most likely the reason is somewhere in between. The best reaction may be to keep the car in sight, looking out for the child, until the parent gets back. You do not have time for that you say. No, but you have time to wait for the police. That haggard look on the young mother’s face may be from partying all night the night before, it may be she has not had any sleep the last several days as she walked the floor with a sick child.

What you do and why you do it is a combination of things; your personal experience, personal knowledge, the environment under which you grew to adulthood. However, there is also a part of you that is inherited; we are not talking DNA (though that may be part of it). There are things families share from generation to generation that scientists cannot explain (but they are trying). Years after my maternal grandfather died, I am still finding things I have in common with him.

My grandfather started his adult life before most people do. He joined the navy, wanted to be an architect, worked on the railroad, and eventually worked for himself. He lost a daughter, was married twice, and along the way he collected coins, became a great observer and respecter of people. He always had a paperback in his back pocket when he left the house and wore a snap-brim hat in public. He drew beautiful sketches for the rest of his life, all but a few never survived. Bernerd E. Goodykoontz also had one daughter with his second wife when he was middle-aged.

I never saw my grandfather in public; he was retired when I came along. Except for the work on the railroad and the coin collecting I never knew those things about my grandfather. The coin collecting I found out about after I painstakingly put together a birth year coin set for him (it was expensive for a ten year old he was born in 1905). All the other things I found out about after he passed away. All of those things I have in common with my grandfather every single one (except the railroad). Some may say, “That’s DNA”, but DNA does not explain all of it. It also does not explain why the Goodykoontz men going back 250 years (in my direct line) became fathers in their 40’s and 50’s (Bernerd was the exception, he was 38 years old when my mother was born).

The most striking difference between my grandfather and me was that he kept his personal life hidden inside, while I hide very little, if anything, of myself. We were even of the same physical stature (his suits fit me without additional tailoring).

Here is my point. You are important. Regardless of the particulars of your birth, you were no accident. Someone in the future, one of your descendents, will take an interest in you. It may not even be a direct descendent, it could be a descendent of a brother, sister, or even a cousin, but someone will take an interest. They will identify with you; they will see you in themselves.

At a point in their lives when life seems to have given them a rotten apple, they will draw encouragement from you. They will look to you to discover how to handle their predicament. Maybe they will look to see what they should do, or see what did not work for you, but they will look up to you. That connection that they feel with you will also give them a sense of belonging in the world; you will make them feel like family, even if they were orphaned at a young age. You will give them the strength to continue, when so many others have simply given up.

Give that person a chance; give them the encouragement they deserve. Talk with that person; record your voice for them, or write a letter. Tell them “what you were doing when …”, tell them about your daily life, the things you love and the things that irritate you. The things you say may not seem like much to you, but it will be worth more than silver and gold to them. Though you will never get a chance to meet that person, you may just be the only person who can help them in their hour of need.

Cronkite announcing the death of President Ken...

Cronkite announcing the death of President Kennedy on November 22, 1963 (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

President Lyndon B. Johnson and Rev. Dr. Marti...

President Lyndon B. Johnson and Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. meet at the White House, 1966 (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Neil Armstrong photographed by Buzz Aldrin aft...

Neil Armstrong photographed by Buzz Aldrin after the completion of the Lunar EVA on the Apollo 11 flight (brighter and smaller version) (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Astronauts Michael Collins (left), Neil Armstr...

Astronauts Michael Collins (left), Neil Armstrong (2nd right), and Buzz Aldrin (right), with Former President George W. Bush on the 35th anniversary of the Moon landing. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

The Apollo 11 crew portrait. Left to right are...

The Apollo 11 crew portrait. Left to right are Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Buzz Aldrin. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Challenger Flight Crew

Challenger Flight Crew (Photo credit: cindy47452)

December 7 1941

December 7 1941 (Photo credit: Luke Bryant)

Pentagon Building After Terrorist Attack, 11 S...

Pentagon Building After Terrorist Attack, 11 September 2001 (Photo credit: Marine Corps Archives & Special Collections)

Ronald Reagan

Ronald Reagan (Photo credit: Fresh Conservative)

The fall of the Berlin Wall - November 1989

The fall of the Berlin Wall – November 1989 (Photo credit: gavinandrewstewart)

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Dr. E. Lee Spence’s Hunley


English: Dr. E. Lee Spence, VP & owner, Intern...

English: Dr. E. Lee Spence, VP & owner, International Diving Institute (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Lee had been searching for the Hunley for some time in the area between the Housatonic and Sullivan’s Island. After sinking the Housatonic, the Hunley would have passed through this area as it returned to its pier. For over 100 years, people had searched this corridor, and a few had claimed to have found the Hunley. P. T. Barnum had something to do with the many people who claimed to have found the little submarine. Each one wanting to claim the $100,000 Barnum had put up for the Hunley. Barnum intended to put the submarine in his museum in New York City. Though many claimed to have found the sub, no one ever presented proof of their find, and Mr. Barnum kept his money.

In 1970, Dr. Spence was taking a break from his search for the Hunley, and enjoying a day of fishing when one of the party’s traps snag on something on the harbor bottom. He knew that there should not have been anything in the immediate area for a trap to snag on. Lee borrowed Joe Porcelli’s diving gear; he did not have his gear with him (they were fishing from Joe’s boat, the Miss Inah). After looking at the chart and their location, Lee felt it must be something from the Housatonic that snagged the trap. Now Lee’s curiosity was up, he had to see what the trap was caught on. Diving in cold water without a wetsuit or even a dry-suit can be life threatening, but Lee was going.

Confederate Submarine H.L. Hunley, suspended f...

Confederate Submarine H.L. Hunley, suspended from a crane during her recovery from Charleston Harbor, 8 August 2000. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

The visibility was poor, but soon Lee saw the trap caught on what looked like a limestone ledge. The bedrock limestone, in this location, should be 100 feet or more under the sand; it did not make sense. Then his many years of experience in the field of underwater archaeology paid-off,  he realized he was looking at Civil War era encrusted iron. The currents had swept away enough of the sand from the wreck that Lee believed he was looking at the Hunley. There was nothing else this size from that time period it could be. He was so excited he ignored all the diving safety rules and raced all the way to the surface screaming, “I’ve found the Hunley!” Unfortunately, Lee did not have a camera that could take photographs in the poor visibility, nor did he bring up anything from the wreck (I will go into this more in next week’s article Spence VS, Cussler: Who found the Hunley?). I can understand Doctor Spence’s frustration. While on a pleasure snorkeling trip in Jamaica, I discovered a ballast pile that is probably an unknown wreck, but I too did not have a camera (I will write about this in the future).

The 1970’s were a pre-GPS era. So, Lee took sightings from various landmarks on shore using a magnetic compass. Then as the Miss Inah went back to the dock, he carefully recorded the boats heading, speed, and time on each course, so he could get back to the site again.

The following week two divers went out to confirm that Spence’s discovery was indeed the Hunley. In early 1971, Spence went with Mike Douglas and David McGeehee to photograph the wreck. But, unfortunately the ocean currents had again covered the wreck of the Hunley. Spence did report the find of the Hunley to the government and the university, which he considered the proper authorities. Unfortunately, Lee did not report the find to the press. Which, (apparently his opinion seems to consider) would have been a “misguided publicity stunt”. (See the quote from Dr. Spence’s article below.)

Dr. Spence did not report his discovery to the press until he needed the publicity to help him persuade the GSA (General Services Administration) to allow him to recover the Hunley. If the Hunley was property of the Confederate government then the GSA had authority over the wreck (this will also be discussed in next week’s article). As a matter of fact, in Dr. Spence’s article he said the following:

“Perhaps it should be noted that between November of 1970 and June of 1975, although in frequent contact with various government officials relative to my efforts to get permission to salvage the wreck, I kept my discovery entirely secret from the media. The fact that I kept it secret and applied in conformity with the government regulations, clearly shows that my claim was not some sort of misguided publicity stunt. I did not release anything to the media about my discovery until half a decade had passed and I realized that, without public interest and pressure, GSA would never issue the necessary permit.”

(I recommend reading his article, it can be found here: http://hunleyfinder.wordpress.com/article/the-discovery-of-the-hunley-by-dr-e-lee-9a3pk7ykcgda-2/ )

Dr. Spence did get the location of the Hunley entered into the National Register for Historic Places. Dr. Spence also filed a claim in federal district court claiming the wreck (the United States does not have an admiralty court and the federal courts handle admiralty cases). In 1995, Dr. Spence donated the Hunley to the state of South Carolina. (All four of these will be discussed in more detail in next week’s article.)

Doctor Edward Lee Spence is a pioneer in underwater archaeology. His accomplishments would fill a book by themselves, but I will list just a few:

Dr. Spence found his first five shipwrecks when he was 12 years old.

In 1991 & 1992, he served as the Chief of Underwater Archeology for San Andres y Providencia, a 40,000 square mile area in the western Caribbean owned by Colombia.

"Wreck Chart" (map showing location ...

“Wreck Chart” (map showing location of the Civil War era blockade runner Georgiana, with a cross section of the wreck) This wreck is one of the many wrecks found by Dr. E. Lee Spence (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Dr Spence has worked on hundreds of wrecks from ancient times to modern, all over the world.

Dr. Spence is one of five people in the world with a Doctor of Marine Histories (College of Marine Arts, 1972).

Doctor Spence’s awards and honors are numerous, and from around the world.

He has survived numerous calamities while on sites, including: being shot at, running out of air underwater, pinned under wreckage, and caught in fish nets, to name just a few.

Lee is also a published editor and author of numerous non-fiction books, and has been a magazine editor and publisher of at least five different magazines.

Dr. E. Lee Spence with priceless, ruby studded...

Dr. E. Lee Spence with priceless, ruby studded, over one kilo, 22 kt gold sword handle once owned by 19th century pirate kings of Bali. It was part of a hoard of treasure hidden from the Dutch forces who invaded Java for the purpose of driving out the pirates. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

If it were said that Dr. Spence was the role model used to create the Indian Jones character, it would not be surprising.

I would like to take a moment to thank Doctor Edward Lee Spence for all of his contributions to diving, underwater archaeology, and education.

On a personal note, Doctor Spence has been a pioneer, and casts a shadow over a field that has enthralled me since my childhood, and continues to do so today.

Job well done!

To learn more about Dr. Spence’s discovery of the H.L. Hunley we recommend Treasures of the Confederate Coast: The ‘Real Rhett Butler’ and Other Revelations by Edward Lee Spence.

Our Other Hunley Articles:

The Submarine H.L. Hunley

Clive Cussler’s Hunley

The Hunley Blue Signal Light

Spence VS Cussler: Who Found the Hunley

Back to the H.L. Hunley

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Speaking of Small Submarines


All of this research on small submarines got me to thinking about photos of my daughter and me in small submarines. When she said she wanted to be a submariner when she got bigger that made me worry (she still says this).

Elizabeth & Joe Combs in an Office of Naval Research (O.N.R.) submarine, April 2008.

Then she said she didn’t want to be in the big black submarines like papa she wants to be in the small research submarines. Now I’m breathing again. HaHaHa

I hope you enjoy my article on our other small submarine, Dr. E. Lee Spence’s Hunley. This week’s article will be published tonight at midnight New York time.

The last article in the Hunley series will be next weekend, Spence VS Cussler: Who Found the Hunley?

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